Author: Susan de Guardiola

  • “Mixed Pickles” Tango

    Continuing with my lengthening series of tiny tango sequences from the first and second editions of F. Leslie Clendenen’s compilation Dance Mad (St. Louis; both editions 1914), here’s another short (sixteen-bar) tango sequence.  If not performed by all the dancers on the floor in unison, it must be done with care, since the dancers move directly against line of dance at two separate points.

    For such a short sequence, there are quite a few niggling little problems with the instructions and reconstruction, which I’ll talk about a bit below.

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  • August 2018 Gig Calendar

    Emerging from my summer hibernation — how did I get my hibernation season so out of whack? — I'll be on the road this month for blues in Boston (sadly, this trip has been canceled) and a somewhat random bunch of workshops in San Jose, California, where a non-dance-related trip has turned into something of a busman's holiday!  

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  • CD Review: North & South

    I received the CD North & South: Forgotten Music from the American Civil War (Gaslantern Records, 2013) and its accompanying sheet music as a birthday gift this year, and a very lovely gift it was!  Sixteen new pieces of historical music, beautifully played by the Orchestra of the Gilded Age, conducted by Jeffrey Hunter, many of them suitable for dancing!

    Edited 1/25/2026 to add: Sadly, this company seems to be out of business and the CD and sheet music book are no longer available for sale, though they might still be found used somewhere.  All links have been changed to archive links.

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  • “Tango No. 1”

    Continuing on with the tiny traveling tango sequences from 1914, here’s one that’s a bit less tiny than the Two-Step Tango.  “Tango No. 1” is listed in both editions of Dance Mad (St. Louis, 1914) with the note “As taught in our classes.”, which presumably meant the classes of F. Leslie Clendenen’s own academy.  That means that this is as much a class practice sequence as a social dance.  As I reconstruct it — and see the reconstruction notes below — it is a reasonable sixteen bars (thirty-two beats) in length, and suitably easy for a class, as it only involves four basic moves – walking, a spin turn, draw steps, and grapevine.

    The starting position is a closed ballroom hold with the gentleman’s back to line of dance and the lady facing line of dance.  The gentleman starts on the left foot, the lady on the right.  Steps are given for the gentleman; the lady dances opposite.

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  • Two-Step Tango

    The Two-Step Tango is an anonymous eight-bar sequence published in the first and second editions of F. Leslie Clendenen's compilation Dance Mad (St. Louis; both editions 1914).  There are several of these tiny "tango" sequences that travel decorously around the room without much tango feel to them — see the similar Butterfly Tango and Dixie Swirl.  These short progressive sequences all appeared in the first edition, along with the somewhat better-composed and more tango-like ones (including a "Tango Two-Step") from Albert Newman.  The impression I get from this is that the more authentic tango was still making its way across the country in early 1914, so the authors of these sequences were still interpreting it as "slow one-step to tango music".  The second edition of Dance Mad expanded the tango section enormously, retaining the short sequences but adding twenty-two pages of more authentic Argentinian and Parisian tango steps.

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  • July 2018 Gig Calendar

    July is going to be another quiet month for me, holed up at home doing a bunch of unrelated work, writing, research, etc.  I'll make a brief research trip to Boston and do some DJing on the side, and I may be out and about later in the month.

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  • June 2018 Gig Calendar

    I'm thrilled to start out June with another trip to Kyiv before heading back to the USA at last! 

    I am not planning any further public classes in June, just research, writing, and non-dance projects.  And maybe a little vacation!

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  • Humming Bird Dance

    “Humming Bird Dance” is a hesitation waltz sequence which appeared in the first and second editions of F. Leslie Clendenen’s compilation Dance Mad (St. Louis; both editions 1914).  It is attributed to “Mr. Menancon”, who appears in the list of credits at the end of the second edition as “Elmond Menancon, 909 Elm Street, Manchester, N[ew] H[ampshire]”.  I believe the first name ought to be “Edmond”, since a dancing master of that name is listed in Manchester city directories from 1906 and 1918.  In the 1906 Manchester Directory, Edmond Menancon is listed separately as an artist, dancing master, and, interestingly, the sexton of a church.  Here’s Menancon’s advertisement from page 819 of the 1906 directory:

    1906-Menancon-Ad

    The sexton position seems a somewhat odd fit for an artist-photographer-dance teacher; the triple career doesn’t seem to leave much time for a day job.  Perhaps it was his father?

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  • Aurora Waltz / Hungarian Waltz – Contra Dance

    It’s been quite some time since I’ve added a nineteenth-century American contra dance to Kickery.  Here’s a waltz contra from the ever-useful Elias Howe that, with only a few bars of turning waltz, is an easy dance for beginners.  The set of figures appears in near-identical form in at least four of Howe’s numerous dance manuals: the Complete ball-room handbook (1858), The pocket ball-room prompter (1858), and the American dancing master, and ball-room prompter (1862 and 1866).

    The original text:

    First couple balance, cross over and go down outside below two couples — first couple balance again and waltz up to place — down the centre, back and cast off — swing six

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  • May 2018 Gig Calendar

    A light month for me, with the first half of it taken out by Russian holidays and some private travel.  I'll only have a short cross-step course and a final party before I head back to the USA for the summer!

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  • The Morrisons, 1863

    I came across Margaret Hosmer’s novel, The Morrisons: a story of domestic life (1863), in my endless quest for dance references in nineteenth-century fiction.  Almost four hundred pages later, I have a few new citations, the highlight of which is a mention of two women waltzing together, and a growing distaste for storylines that treat dying of consumption (tuberculosis) as a character-building experience.

    According to Deidre Johnson’s useful website 19th-Century Girls’ Series, which catalogues said series and their authors, only basic biographical facts about Hosmer’s life are known: she was born Margaret Kerr in 1830, raised in Philadelphia, married Granville Hosmer and had at least one child, bounced back and forth between Philadelphia and California several times, worked in schools, published novels and short fiction for both children and adults, and died in 1897.  The website’s full biographical listing for her, from which these details are taken, may be found here.  I am not enough of a fan of her writing to have done any further research on her life.
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  • Giraudet’s Galopade

    La Galopade is a short, simple sequence dance created by French dancing master, choreographer, and author Eugène Giraudet and preserved in the enormous 55th edition of his dance manual, La danse, la tenue, le maintien, l’hygiène & l’éducation (c1900) as well as in his 1913 Méthode moderne pour bien apprendre la danse.  A matching description appears in George Washington Lopp’s La Danse (Paris, 1903).

    In the companion volume to La danse, Traité de la danse (c1900), Giraudet dates the dance to 1889; its earliest appearance may have been on the accompanying sheet music by composer Félix Chaudoir.

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  • April 2018 Gig Calendar

    April is going to be a little bit insane for me with preparing new dances and classes for the Kyiv (Ukraine) dance festival and ongoing non-dance-related volunteer work.  I'll be continuing with a waltz class and hoping to get out to some of the  post-Easter Moscow balls!

    Sanity and time will return in May…

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  • March 2018 Gig Calendar

    I'm planning another quiet month in March, as I have some substantial non-dance-related obligations for the last half of the month.  I'll be continuing my public and private waltz classes, but otherwise will be fairly invisible!

    Any groups or individuals in Moscow or elsewhere in Russia or Europe that might be interested in workshops from now through May should contact me directly.  American gigs can resume in June!

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  • Scotch, Hungarian, whatever (cotillion figure)

    H. Layton Walker’s Grand Scotch Chain, published in Twentieth Century Cotillion Figures, by (Two Step Publishing Company, Buffalo, New York, 1912), is only moderately interesting as a figure, but tracing its progress from a figure that was neither “grand” nor “Scotch” when it started out is an interesting illustration of how cotillion figures were transmitted across time and international borders in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

    The figure itself is quite simple:

    • Two couples separate and select new partners
    • They form a four-couple quadrille set
    • Head gentlemen turn by right elbows once and a half round, then give left elbows to opposite ladies and turn to place with her
    • Side gentlemen repeat
    • Head ladies repeat
    • Side ladies repeat
    • All take partners and waltz

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  • Double Quadrille (cotillion figure)

    Double Quadrille is a cotillion (dance party game) figure from H. Layton Walker’s Twentieth Century Cotillion Figures (Two Step Publishing Company, Buffalo, New York, 1912), though the “game” element is extremely limited.  The original setup is not even a standard cotillion opening with couples dancing and then separating to find new partners; instead, each couple seeks another couple.

    The language and timing of the figure are ambiguous, and I’ve found no other source to clarify things.  So I’ve had to make some guesses and minor tweaks in order to create something that actually works.

    Here’s the original language from Walker:

    DOUBLE QUADRILLE.
    Four couples perform a tour de valse. Each couple selects another couple and they form a double quadrille; the head couples right and left; half sides the same. Ladies chain; all the ladies forward four steps, turn and face partners; gentlemen take the right hand of partners and left hand of lady on their left; all balance; the ladies facing outward, gentlemen inward; turn partners to places. The figure is danced over to regain places. Signal for all to waltz to places.

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  • Fessenden’s “The Rustick Revel”, 1806

    Reading onward in Thomas Fessenden’s Original Poems (1806), what should turn up but another poem about dance, even lengthier and more detailed than “Horace Surpassed”!  “The Rustick Revel” is less impressive as a poem, being made up entirely of rhyming couplets of utterly regular rhythm, but it’s even thicker with dance references.  As Nathaniel Hawthorne said in his biographical sketch of Fessenden:

    He had caught the rare art of sketching familiar manners, and of throwing into verse the very spirit of society as it existed around him; and he had imbued each line with a peculiar yet perfectly natural and homely humor.

    Hawthorne was referring to a different poem, but it could easily serve for this one as well.  Among the highlights are the very calculated invitation list, the squire calling a dance, people messing up the figures, and trying to get out of paying the bill.

    Once again, I’ll give the entire poem in bold with my own commentary interspersed in italics.  Fessenden’s own footnotes have been moved to the end.

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  • Fessenden on New England country dancing, 1806

    “Horace Surpassed” (lengthily subtitled “or, a beautiful description of a New England Country-Dance”) was published by the American author Thomas Green Fessenden (left) in his 1806 collection, Original Poems.  Fessenden (1771-1837) was, according to the biographical notes here, a lawyer, poet, farmer, journalist, newspaper editor, and member of the Massachusetts legislature.  He was born in Massachusetts, educated at Dartmouth, and spent most of his life in New England.  His original fame as a poet grew from the 1803 work “Terrible Tractoration”, a satire about physicians who refused to adopt a quack medical device.  (Yes, really!)

    In his spare time, Fessenden evidently liked country (contra) dancing, and his poem is a cheerful look at the characters of rural New England society: agile Willy Wagnimble, clumsy Charles Clumfoot, graceful Angelina, etc.  The “New England Country-Dance” in the subtitle should be understood as referring to a social evening, not to an actual country-dance.

    A rather catty review quoted the poem at length

    not because it is superiour to the rest, but as a fair specimen of the work, and it describes an amusement which is “all the rage.”
     — The Monthly anthology, and Boston review. (July, 1806)                     

    Fessenden topped his poem with a quote from Horace’s Odes.  “Iam satis terris nivis atque dirae” (“Enough of snow and hail at last”) is the opening line of “To Augustus, The Deliverer and Hope of the State” (1.2).  This particular Ode concerns the disastrous overflowing of the Tiber, possibly as a punishment of the gods for the ill deeds of Rome (notably, the assassination of Julius Caesar), with Augustus as its hoped-for saviour. An 1882 translation of the Ode may be found here.  I must confess that I cannot detect any thematic connection between it and Fessenden’s poem, so I’ll chalk it up to Fessenden’s ego and desire to be recognized as a poet.

    The full original text with my best approximation of the formatting is in bold below, with a few comments of my own interspersed in italics.  In the absence of page breaks, the footnotes have been moved to the end.

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  • February 2018 Gig Calendar

    February will be a writing month for me, staying close to home-2 (Moscow) and trying to catch up on an enormous pile of unfinished work.  I’ll be continuing my public and private waltz classes and conducting another small waltz party, and might add a couple of other one-shot classes, but overall I am planning a quiet month!

    Any groups or individuals in Moscow or elsewhere in Russia or Europe that might be interested in workshops from now through May should contact me directly.  No American gigs through the end of May unless accompanied by plane tickets!

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  • Paine’s Quadrilles, Twelfth Set, 1819 (4 of 4)

    (This is fourth in a series of four posts covering Paine’s Twelfth Set.  The introductory post in the series may be found here, figures one and two here, and figures three and four here.)

    Concluding my series on Paine’s Twelfth Set, the final figure!

    No. 5, tune “La Nouvelle Fantasia
    Figure.
    Chassez croisez huit, les quatre Cavaliers en avant 4 mes, les quatre dames de meme, balancez tour de mains, la Cavalier seul en avant et en arriere 8 mes, la dame seul de meme.
    La Grand Promenade.

    All 8 chassez across and back again, the 4 Gent: advance and retire 4 bars, the 4 Ladies the same, balancez and turn your partners, one Gent: advance and retire twice 8 bars, the opposite Lady do the same.  
    Promenade all 8.

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  • Paine’s Quadrilles, Twelfth Set, 1819 (3 of 4)

    (This is third in a series of four posts covering Paine’s Twelfth Set.  The introductory post in the series may be found here and figures one and two here.)

    Continuing on with Paine’s Twelfth Set, the next two figures…

    No. 3, tune “L’Aimable
    Figure de La Poule. — or
    Le 4 dames font le moulinet pendant que les 4 Cavaliers font la grand Promenade a droite, ils donnent les mins a leurs dames et balancez tour de mains pour se remettre a sa place, les tiroirs a quatre et restez à la place opposee, de meme les 4 autres demie Promenade tous les 8, Jusqua [sic] votre place et tour de mains en place.
    Contre Partie.

    The 4 Ladies moulinet while the 4 Gent: do grand Promenade to the right, the 4 Gents: give their hands to their partners, balancez and turn them round to their places, the tiroirs 4 and stop at the opposite place the other 4 the same, half Promenade all 8 to your places, and turn your partner round to your place.  
    The same again.

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  • Paine’s Quadrilles, Twelfth Set, 1819 (2 of 4)

    (This is second in a series of four posts covering Paine’s Twelfth Set.  The introductory post in the series may be found here.)

    All right, let’s move on to the actual figures!  In my transcriptions below of the French and English instructions, the capitalization, spelling, punctuation, and lack of accents over the French vowels are all as printed in the original.

    No. 1, tune “La Belle Flamand”
    Figure de la Pantalon — or
    Quatre demie chaine Anglaise, les 4 autres demie chaine Anglaise, demie Promenade tous les 8, et tour de mains a votre place, chaine des dames celles qui ont commencez [sic], balancez 8 et tour de mains. 
    Contre Partie.

    Four half right and left, the other four the same, half Promanade [sic] all 8 to your place and turn your partners round, Ladies chain by those who began the dance, balance 8 and turn your partners round. 
    The same again the other 4.

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  • Paine’s Quadrilles, Twelfth Set, 1819 (1 of 4)

    As with my earlier reconstructions of Howe’s figures for “Les Rats” and the third set of Simonet’s Parisian Quadrilles, I was primarily motivated to reconstruct Paine’s Twelfth Set of Quadrilles by the existence of a high-quality recording of the music.  I’m not sure what prompted Green Ginger to choose this quadrille, out of more than a dozen of Paine’s other sets of quadrille music (besides his most-famous and oft-recorded first) to include on their CD of Regency-era dance music, Music for Quadrilles, but it’s an excellent set of tunes played beautifully.

    I’ve used these recordings in the past as variant music for the standard quadrille figures, which they were structured to fit.  But Paine’s original sheet music also included new figures for those who didn’t want to dance the usual ones, and they turned out to have some unusual figures which I quite like.

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  • Larchmont Engine Company Ball, 1901

    The first ball of the Larchmont (NY) Engine Company was held on Wednesday, April 17, 1901, as reported in The Larchmont Times on Saturday, April 20th.  Like the Wichita fireman’s ball given in 1903, it heavily featured waltz, “deux temps” (which I believe to be two-step, rather than the older deux temps), and quadrilles, with a few other popular nineteenth century dances mixed in.  It’s a bit more old-fashioned a program compared to Wichita’s, which fits since it’s a couple of years earlier and not as far along toward the “all waltz and two-step” programs sometimes found a few years later.  The image at left is courtesy of the Larchmont Historical Society; which has the whole front page of the newspaper up on its website. I’ve made the page available for download here.   (Edited 6/21/24 to remove the dead website link and add the link to LHS and the downloadable image.)

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  • Firemen’s Ball, Wichita, 1903

    It’s been quite some time since I discussed a dance card or program.  The image at left is not from an actual card, but rather an advance publication of a program of dances taken from a local newspaper.  The event was a Firemen’s Ball, to be held in Wichita, Kansas, on Thursday, December 17th, 1903.  A short article and this program were published in the Wichita Daily Eagle on the previous Sunday, December 13th.

    Firemen’s balls were rather common, presumably serving as fundraisers, but they seem not to have been that popular in Wichita; the accompanying article noted that this would be the second such ball held by the department in twelve years, which does not exactly demonstrate a mania for dancing.  It seems to have been expected to be successful, however.  Although the “fireboys” had not had much time to sell tickets, since they were on duty night and day except for meal breaks, they had still managed to sell between three and four hundred.

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